催乳素血检

定义

Prolactin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. The prolactin test measures the amount of prolactin in the blood.

选择的名字

PRL; Galactorrhea - prolactin test; Infertility - prolactin test; Amenorrhea - prolactin test; Breast leakage - prolactin test; Prolactinoma - prolactin test; Pituitary tumor - prolactin test

如何执行测试

空腹 需要血液样本.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is necessary.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

Prolactin is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. The pituitary is a small gland at the base of the brain. It regulates the body's balance of many hormones.

Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production in women. There is no known normal function for prolactin in men.

Prolactin is usually measured when checking for pituitary tumors and the cause of:

• Breast milk production that is not related to childbirth (galactorrhea)
• Decreased sex drive (libido) in men and women
• 男性勃起问题
• 不能怀孕(不孕不育)
• Irregular or no menstrual periods (闭经)

正常的结果

The normal values for prolactin are:

• Men: less than 20 ng/mL (425 µg/L)
• Nonpregnant women: less than 25 ng/mL (25 µg/L)
• Pregnant women: 80 to 400 ng/mL (80 to 400 µg/L)

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

People with the following conditions may have high prolactin levels:

• Chest wall injury or irritation
• 乳头环的存在
• Disease of an area of the brain called the 下丘脑
• Thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone (甲状腺功能减退)
• 肾脏疾病
• Pituitary tumor that makes prolactin (prolactinoma)
• Other pituitary tumors and diseases in the area of the pituitary
• Abnormal clearance of prolactin molecules (macroprolactin)

Certain medicines can also raise prolactin level, including:

• 抗抑郁药
• 丁酰苯
• 雌激素
• H2受体阻滞剂
• 甲基多巴
• 胃复安
• 阿片类药物
• 吩噻嗪类
• 利血平
• 利培酮
• 维拉帕米

Marijuana products can also raise prolactin level.

If your prolactin level is high, the test may be repeated in the early morning after an 8-hour fast.

The following can temporarily increase prolactin levels:

• Emotional or physical stress (occasionally)
• 高蛋白的食物
• 强烈的乳房刺激
• 近期乳房检查
• 最近锻炼

Interpretation of an abnormally high prolactin blood test is complicated. 大多数情况下, your provider will need to refer you to an endocrinologist, a doctor who specializes in hormone problems.

风险

There is little risk in having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

陈国强，张国强. Prolactin (human prolactin, HPRL) - serum. In: 陈国强，张国强, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:910-911.

Guber HA, Oprea M, Rusell YX. Evaluation of endocrine function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 25.

凯泽，何凯. Pituitary physiology and diagnostic evaluation. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 8.