血钙试验

定义

The calcium blood test measures the level of calcium in the blood.

This article discusses the test to measure the total amount of calcium in your blood. About one half of the calcium in the blood is attached to proteins, mainly albumin.

A separate test that measures calcium that is not attached to proteins in your blood is sometimes performed. 这种钙被称为游离钙 电离钙.

钙也可以在 尿液.

选择的名字

Ca+2; Serum calcium; Ca++; 甲状旁腺功能亢进 - calcium level; Osteoporosis - calcium level; Hypercalcemia - calcium level; Hypocalcemia - calcium level

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

如何准备考试

Your health care provider may tell you to temporarily stop taking certain medicines that can affect the test. 这些药物可能包括：

• Calcium salts (may be found in nutritional supplements or antacids)
• 锂
• 噻嗪类利尿剂（水丸）
• 左旋甲状腺素
• 维生素D

Drinking too much milk (2 or more quarts or 2 liters a day or a large amount of other dairy products) or taking too much vitamin D as a dietary supplement can also increase blood calcium levels.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. 其他人只感到刺痛或刺痛. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. 它对心脏功能很重要, 并有助于肌肉收缩, 神经信号, 血液凝固.

Your provider may order this test if you have signs or symptoms of:

• 某些骨病
• Certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma, or a cancer of the breast, lung, neck, and kidney
• 慢性肾病
• 慢性肝病
• Disorders of the parathyroid glands (hormone made by these glands controls calcium and vitamin D levels in the blood)
• Disorders that affect how your intestines absorb nutrients (intestinal malabsorption)
• 血液中维生素D含量高
• Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) or taking too much thyroid hormone medicine

Your provider may also order this test if you have been on bed rest for a long time.

正常的结果

正常取值范围为8.5 to 10.2毫克/分升(0.47 to 0.57毫克分子/ L).

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

A higher than normal level may be due to a number of health conditions. 常见原因包括：

• 躺在床上休息很长时间.
• Consuming too much calcium or vitamin D.
• 甲状旁腺功能亢进 (parathyroid glands make too much of their hormone; sometimes associated with a low vitamin D level).
• Infections that cause granulomas such as tuberculosis and certain fungal and mycobacterial infections.
• 多发性骨髓瘤, T cell lymphoma and certain other cancers.
• 骨转移瘤 （已经扩散的骨癌）.
• Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) or too much thyroid hormone replacement medicine.
• 佩吉特病. Abnormal bone destruction and regrowth, causing deformity of the affected bones.
• 结节病. Lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, or other tissues become swollen or inflamed.
• Tumors producing a parathyroid hormone-like substance.
• Use of certain medicines such as lithium, tamoxifen, and thiazides.

A lower than normal levels may be due to:

• Disorders that affect absorption of nutrients from the intestines (intestinal malabsorption)
• Hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid glands do not make enough of their hormone)
• 肾功能不全或衰竭
• 血液中白蛋白水平低
• 肝脏疾病
• 缺镁
• 胰腺炎
• 维生素D缺乏

风险

There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
• 多次穿刺定位静脉

参考文献

Chonchol M, Smogorzewski MJ, Stubbs JR, Yu ASL. Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. 布伦纳和雷克特的肾. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 18.

张勇，张勇. 骨代谢的生化标志物. 见：McPherson RA， Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.